Berberine (sulfate)

Berberine sulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian, as an antibiotic. Berberine sulfate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Berberine sulfate has antineoplastic properties. The sulfate form improves bioavailability^[1][2]. IC50 & Target:ROS^[1]
DNA topoisomerase^[1] In Vitro:Berberine sulfate (1.25-160 μM; 72 hours) has potential inhibitory effects on the proliferation of four colorectal carcinoma cell lines LoVo, HCT116, SW480, and HT-29^[1].
Berberine sulfate (1.25-160 μM; 24-72 hours) induces a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of LoVo cell growth^[1].
LoVo cells are exposure to Berberine sulfate (10-80 μM) for 24 h. Cell cycle analysis of 40 μM Berberine-treated LoVo cells by flow cytometry shows accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase^[1].
Berberine sulfate (10-80 μM) suppresses cyclin B1, cdc2 and cdc25c protein expression after 24 h, especially at the dose of 80.0 μM^[1].
Berberine hemisulfate exhibits antimicrobial acitivity through inhibition of cell division protein FtsZ, or through DNA/RNA binding and deal thus DNA/RNAdamege^[3].
Berberine hemisulfate exhibts anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting TNF-α and the activation of its downstream pathway AP-1 and NF-kB^[4].
Berberine hemisulfate exhibits neuroprotective efficacy by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and caspase activation, and activatiing the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression^[5].
Berberine hemisulfate attenuates metabolic diseases through regulations of the lipids composition and inhibition of insulin resistance^[6]. In Vivo:Berberine sulfate (10, 30, or 50 mg/kg/day; gastrointestinal gavage; for 10 consecutive days) inhibits the growth of human colorectal adenocarcinoma in vivo. Berberine at doses of 30 and 50 mg/kg/day taken by gastrointestinal gavage shows inhibitory rates of 33.1% and 45.3% on the human colorectal adenocarcinoma xenograft growth in nude mice^[1].