3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an orally active flavonoid metabolite produced by intestinal flora, with blood pressure-lowering activity. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can also inhibit ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of GPX4, thereby improving spermatogenic dysfunction in aged mice. In addition, abnormal levels of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid are closely related to certain diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (0-50 μM; 6-9 h) can enhance total ALDH activity and completely inhibit acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity in mouse hepatocellular carcinoma Hepa1c1c7 cells^[1].
3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (0.1-1 mM) can induce dose-dependent vasodilation in porcine coronary artery segments^[2].
3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (50 μM; 48 h) can inhibit cell apoptosis, reduce ROS production, decrease MDA levels, increase GPx activity, and upregulate GPX4 protein expression in H₂O₂-induced senescent GC-2 cells^[3]. In Vivo:3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (0.001-10 mg/kg; intravenous bolus; single dose) can reduce arterial blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats^[2].
3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (25 mg/kg; oral gavage; 6 weeks) can improve spermatogenic dysfunction in aged mice^[3].