Ethyl methanesulfonate

Ethyl methanesulfonate is an orally active biochemical agent. Ethyl methanesulfonate induces Apoptosis. Ethyl methanesulfonate acts on DNA, alkylating it and causing changes in DNA structure, which in turn triggers a series of biological effects such as mutation and cell death. Ethyl methanesulfonate induces kidney and nervous system tumors. Ethyl methanesulfonate is widely used in the field of genetic toxicology research and is often used to induce gene mutations in organisms to study gene function, the mechanism of genetic diseases, and the effects of environmental mutagenic factors, etc^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]}. In Vitro:Ethyl methanesulfonate (0-3 mM) causes a decrease in cell viability, an increase in apoptosis, and inhibits cell growth and cloning efficiency in AHH-1 human lymphoblastoid cell line^[2].
Ethyl methanesulfonate (30 mM; 0-5 h) causes cell death, lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ATP and K⁺ concentrations in human hepatocyte^[4].
Ethyl methanesulfonate (1-30 mM; 2 h) induces DNA damage in the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) experiment of tobacco cell line TX1, and the degree of damage is positively correlated with the concentration and treatment time^[5].
Ethyl methanesulfonate (10-250 μM; 1 h) can dose-dependently form N-ethyl-valinehemoglobin adducts in in vitro experiments with human hemoglobin (Hb)^[6].
In Vivo:Ethyl methanesulfonate (50-400 mg/kg; i.p. and p.o.; single dose) significantly induces the production of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in the micronucleus test of MS/Ae and CD-1 mice, showing an obvious dose-response relationship, and the induction rates of the two administration routes are similar^[7].
Ethyl methanesulfonate (25-100 mg/kg/day; oral administration; once a day; 28 days) significantly increases the mutant frequency of the Pig-a gene in male F344 rats in the Pig-a assay after 2 and 4 weeks of dosing^[8].
Ethyl methanesulfonate (multiple doses of 27.5 mg; intraperitoneal injection; multiple times; no clear administration cycle) induces a high incidence of primary kidney tumors in female Wistar albino rats^[9].
Ethyl methanesulfonate (250 mg/kg; i.p.; single dose) causes unscheduled DNA synthesis in meiotic and postmeiotic germ cell stages of male (C3Hf×101)F₁ mice^[10].