Adenosine monophosphate

Adenosine monophosphate is an adenosine A1 receptor agonist. Adenosine monophosphate has significant antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. Adenosine monophosphate is a key cellular metabolite regulating energy homeostasis and signal transduction^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Adenosine monophosphate is an adenosine A1 receptor agonist^[1]. Adenosine monophosphate-induced cell toxicity is negligible at concentrations of 25 to 400 μM in RAW264.7 cells. Adenosine monophosphate significantly attenuates the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in RAW264.7 cells. The dose-dependence of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA show that at concentration of 400 μM, Adenosine monophosphate exhibits the maximum inhibition. Exposure of cells to Adenosine monophosphate significantly reduces recruitment of NF-κB p65 to TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β gene promoters^[2]. In Vivo:C57BL/6J mice treated with Adenosine monophosphate markedly increases hepatic adenosine level. Survival rate in PBS-treated mice (n=15) is 60% (8 h) and 33.3% (24 h), whereas survival rate in Adenosine monophosphate-treated mice (n=15) is 100% (8 h) and 93.3% (24 h). Serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels are significantly lowered in the Adenosine monophosphate group than in the vehicle group. The area and extent of necrosis is attenuated and the infiltration of inflammatory cells is reduced in the Adenosine monophosphate group^[2].