Tributyrin

Tributyrin (Glyceryl tributyrate), a neutral short-chain fatty acid triglyceride, is a stable and rapidly absorbed proagent of Butyric Acid. Tributyrin diffuses through biological membranes and is metabolized by intracellular lipases, releasing effective butyrate directly into the cell in vivo. Tributyrin has potent antiproliferative, proapoptotic and differentiation-inducing effects^[1]. In Vitro:Tributyrin (0.8 mM, 48 hours) induces significant growth inhibition in PC-3 cells^[3].
Tributyrin (0.5-5 mM, 48 hours) causes G1 cell cycle arrest in LNCaP cells^[3].
Tributyrin (0.1-5 mM, 48 hours) induces higher apoptosis rates in PC-3 and TSU-PR1 cells^[3].
Tributyrin (1-5 mM, 48 hours) induces prostate-specific antigen expression in LNCaP cells, suggesting its differentiation effect^[3].
Tributyrin (1 mM, 24 hours) directly inhibits the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells under LPS stimulation^[6].
In Vivo:Tributyrin (2.0 g/kg, p.o., three times per week for 6 weeks) improves the metabolic and inflammatory states in high-fat diet-induced obese mice^[4].
Tributyrin (0.3 g/kg, p.o., once daily for 11 days) significantly improves gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal injury in a Ceftriaxone (HY-B0712)-induced gut dysfunction mouse model^[5].