Xylose

Xylose (D-(+)-Xylose) is a natural pentose sugar that is catalyzed by xylose isomerase to form xylulose, which is a key step in the anaerobic ethanol fermentation of Xylose. Xylose can be used by microorganisms to produce fuels, chemicals, and bulk industrial enzymes. Xylose provides the substances and energy for cells, as a carbon source for the biosynthesis of high-value chemicals and biofuel. Xylose can be used to fully explore lignocellulose resources and provide a new direction for microbia fermentation^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro: Xylose (0-90 g/L, 0-48 h) utilization is improved by rapid growth of K. pneumoniae HR521 LDH^[1].
Xylose (0-90 g/L, 0-72 h) utilization ratio is 99.1% at 48 hours when the initial acetic acid concentration is 4.5 g/L, and this ratio exceeded 99% at 72 hours when the initial acetic acid concentration is over 2.5 g/L in K. pneumonia^[1].
Xylose is converted into xylulose by different enzymes in various microorganisms. In bacteria isomerization of Xylose to xylulose is catalyzed by Xylose isomerase (Xl), whereas yeast and mycelial fungi need a two-step pathway employing D-Xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) ^[4].