Palmitic acid

Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. PA can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells. Palmitic acid is used to establish a cell steatosis model^[1][2]. In Vitro:Palmitic acid (0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 mM; 12–72 h) increases the mRNA levels of Notch1, -2, and -4 in LX2, Huh7, and MIHA hepatocyte lines^[2].

Palmitic acid cell experiment lysis protocol, for reference^{[3][4][5][6][7]}
Reference dissolution protocol: 0.1-0.5% Ethanol + 1% BSA + 98.5-98.9% basal medium (eg: DMEM);

Taking the preparation of 1 mL of 0.25 mM working solution as an example (this method has been verified by MCE.):
1. Preparation of Palmitic acid (PA) stock solution: Add 78 μL of anhydrous ethanol to 1 mg PA and dissolve to 50 mM (ultrasonic heating for 3 min, 37°C);
2. Preparation of Fatty acid free BSA stock solution: Take an appropriate amount of Fatty acid free BSA (HY-D0842A) Add basal culture medium (e.g., DMEM, 1640, etc.) to prepare a 10% BSA solution (100 mg/mL);
3. Dilution: Take 5 μL of PA stock solution (50 mM), add 100 μL of BSA solution (10%), mix well (ultrasonic heating for 3 min, 37°C), add 895 μL of basal culture medium (e.g., DMEM, 1640, etc.), mix well (ultrasonic heating for 3 min, 37°C);
4. The working solution can be used for cell processing after filtration through a sterile filter membrane;
5. For the blank group, pay attention to the solvent control;
6. If you need to prepare a working solution with a higher concentration, you can try to appropriately increase the concentration of PA stock solution, and try to control the final ethanol content to 0.1-0.5%.
7. It is recommended to use BSA without fatty acids^[8][9].