Ionomycin

Ionomycin (SQ23377) is a potent, selective calcium ionophore and an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces conglobatus. Ionomycin (SQ23377) is highly specific for divalent cations (Ca>Mg>Sr=Ba). Ionomycin (SQ23377) promotes apoptosis. Ionomycin also induces the activation of protein kinase C (PKC)^[1][2][3]. IC50 & Target:Calcium ionophore^[1] In Vitro:Ionomycin is a Calcium ionophore and an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces conglobatus^[1].
Addition of 2 μM Ionomycin to LCLC 103H cells causes an instantaneous increase in intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration from 50 to 180 nM. DNA and protein analysis in Ionomycin-treated cultures revealed DNA fragmentation and PARP cleavage to an 85-kDa fragment typical of caspase-mediated apoptosis. Necrosis could be detected in ~1-5% of the Ionomycin treated cells. Caspase activation in whole cells was followed by monitoring the increase in activity against Ac-DEVD-amc following Ionomycin treatment^[2].
Ionomycin-mediated cleavage and exosome release. Following Ionomycin exposure, medium conditioned by SKOV3ip cells had increased amounts of exosomes containing the L1-32 cleavage fragment^[4].
Ionomycin also phosphorylate p38 MAPK by Ca²⁺ influx through SOCE, leading to suppression of TNF-α-induced NF-κB phosphorylation^[5].