Diethylstilbestrol

Diethylstilbestrol is a non-steroidal female hormone that has oral activity and can act on menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. Diethylstilbestrol can induce DNA oxidation and Apoptosis of spermatogonial stem cells. Diethylstilbestrol can induce thymocyte Autophagy Diethylstilbestrol is a 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2) inhibitor.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]}. In Vitro: Diethylstilbestrol (0-100 μM) activates CatSper, and promotes Ca²⁺ flux into human spermatozoa, and disturbs progesterone actions in human spermatozoa^[5].
Diethylstilbestrol (0-10 μM, 1 h) induces oxidative DNA damage, and induces apoptosis of spermatogonial stem cells^[5].
In Vivo: Diethylstilbestrol (2 μg/day, s.c.) stimulates ERα mediated hormonal toxicity in the mouse seminal vesicle, with alteration of target gene methylation patterns and epigenetic modifiers (DNMT3A, MBD2, and HDAC2)^[3].
Diethylstilbestrol (340 μg/kg, p.o., every 2 days for 2 weeks) decreases adrenal cholesterol and corticosterone in rats^[4].
Diethylstilbestrol (5 μg/kg, i.p.) reduces number of thymocytes, and induces autophagy in thymocytes of adult mice^[6].
Diethylstilbestrol (0.5 mg/kg, p,o.) decreases HSD11B2 activity in rat and human placenta^[8].