Glycine

Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. Glycine is orally active. Glycine inhibits the membrane aggregation of NINJ1 and prevents plasma membrane rupture during cell death. Glycine can be used to study cell protection, cancer, neurological diseases, and angiogenesis^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}. IC50 & Target:N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor^[1]. In Vitro:Glycine (0-1 mM, 0-48 h) has anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects. It can downregulate the production of VEGF in tumor cells HCT-116, HT-29 and CC-531, inhibit the growth of endothelial cells HUVEC through GlyR, and indirectly inhibit HUVEC migration and capillary formation^[3].
Glycine (5 mM, 50 mM, 10 min) can prevent the aggregation of NINJ1 in the plasma membrane and inhibit cell death caused by the breakdown of NINJ1 dependent property membrane, thereby exerting its cytoprotective effect^[4].
In Vivo:Glycine (single 40-800 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently prevents scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced social cognitive impairment in adult rats^[2].
Glycine (500 and 1000 mg/kg/day for 14 days, i.p.) can significantly reduce kidney damage in lead-exposed mice by inhibiting ROS production^[5].
Glycine (single 1 or 2 g/kg, p.o.) increases extracellular serotonin but not dopamine in the prefrontal cortex of rats