Glycylglycine

Glycylglycine is a non-selective glycylglycine dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis)^[1][2]. In Vitro: Cell viability assay:
Glycylglycine (10 μM；5 d) significantly promotes cell proliferation in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) culture, increases cell viability by about 50%, without significant effect on cell apoptosis and cell cycle^[1].
Glycylglycine (0.1-1 mM; 24 h) inhibits the growth of astrocyte U87 cells, and Glycylglycine (1 mM; 12-72 h) has no significant effect on DNA synthesis^[2].
Inflammatory factor detection experiment:
Glycylglycine (0.5 mM; 24 h) significantly inhibits the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reduces the inflammatory response astrocyte U87 cells, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF), promoting neuroprotection and repair^[2].