Furamidine (dihydrochloride)

Furamidine dihydrochloride (DB75 dihydrochloride) is a selective protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 9.4 μM. Furamidine dihydrochloride is selective for PRMT1 over PRMT5, PRMT6, and PRMT4 (CARM1) (IC₅₀s of 166 µM, 283 µM, and >400 µM, respectively). Furamidine dihydrochloride is a potent, reversible and competitive tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP-1) inhibitor. Inhibition of TDP-1 by Furamidine dihydrochloride is effective both with single- and double-stranded DNA substrates but is slightly stronger with the duplex DNA. Furamidine dihydrochloride is also an antiparasite agent^[1][2][3]. IC50 & Target:IC50: 9.4 μM (Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1)); 166 µM (PRMT5), 283 µM (PRMT6) and >400 µM (PRMT4)^[1]
Parasite^[1]
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP-1)^[2] In Vitro: Furamidine (compound 1; 20 μM; 72 hours; leukemia cell lines) inhibits cell growth for most of the leukemia cell lines except HEL cells which have JAK2V617F mutations^[1].
Furamidine (compound 1; 20 μM; 15 hours; 293T cells) treatment significantly reduces the expression level of the methylated GFP-ALY protein in 293T cells^[1].
Furamidine binds duplex DNA in the DNA minor groove selectively at AT rich sites [(A/T)4]. Furamidine can also intercalate between GC base pairs of duplex DNA. Furamidine could therefore interfere with DNA processing enzymes such as TDP-1^[2]. In Vivo: Furamidine (1 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; 3 times a week and repeated every 4 weeks; for 34 weeks; female NZB/NZW mice) and Irinotecan combined treatment suppresses proteinuria and prolongs survival of lupus-prone NZB/NZW mice. The combination treatment does not change the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies^[3].