Carbosulfan

Carbosulfan is an orally active AChE inhibitor that hydrolyzes to Carbofuran in organisms to exert insecticidal effects. Carbosulfan exhibits broad-spectrum insecticidal activity, and it also induces severe oxidative stress by enhancing lipid peroxidation and impairing the antioxidant defense system. Carbosulfan causes reproductive toxicity in male rats and developmental disorders in their offspring. Carbosulfan shows persistence in paddy field environments and potential hazards to non-target organisms, and it is commonly used in studies related to reproductive toxicity and environmental risk assessment^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Carbosulfan distorts polymerization of purified porcine brain tubulin^[1].
Carbosulfan (0.025-0.4 %; 24 h) induces dose-dependent mortality in test mosquitoes, with 100 % mortality observed at 0.2 and 0.4 % concentrations after 24 h exposure^[2]. In Vivo:Carbosulfan (0.5-4 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; embryonic days 1-15) causes dose-dependent developmental neurotoxicity in Wistar rat offspring, including impaired sensorimotor function, increased anxiety, oxidative stress, reduced AChE activity, cerebellar Purkinje cell damage, and stunted growth, with the most severe effects observed at the 4 mg/kg dose^[1].
Carbosulfan (0.4%; impregnated on paper; single exposure) induces 100% mortality in Kisumu strain Anopheles gambiae adults within 24 hours of exposure^[2].
Carbosulfan (3.4-6.37 mg/kg bw; daily; 60 days) induces dose-dependent reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats^[4].