Skullcapflavone II

Skullcapflavone II, a flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial activities. Skullcapflavone II regulates osteoclast differentiation, survival, and function. Skullcapflavone II exerts potent antimicrobial activity against M. aurum and M. bovis BCG^[1][2]. In Vitro: Skullcapflavone II inhibits osteoclastogenesis with decreased activation of MAPKs, Src, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which have been known to be redox sensitive. Skullcapflavone II decreases reactive oxygen species by scavenging them or activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and its effects were partially reversed by hydrogen peroxide cotreatment or Nrf2 deficiency^[2]. In Vivo: Skullcapflavone II, a potential bradykinin antagonist, reduces the major pathophysiological features of allergic asthma, at least in part by acting on TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathways^[3].