2-Isopropylthioxanthone

2-Isopropylthioxanthone is a photoinitiator that is widely used in printing ink of packaging materials. 2-Isopropylthioxanthone is an endocrine-disrupting compound. 2-Isopropylthioxanthone can activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and has anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity^[1][2]. In Vitro:2-Isopropylthioxanthone (10^-7-10^-3 M; 24 h) shows no significant cytotoxicity to MCF-7 human breast cancer cells at concentrations up to 10^-5 M, but induces marked cytotoxicity at 10^-4 M and 10^-3 M^[1].
2-Isopropylthioxanthone (10^-5 M; 6 days) acts as a partial estrogen receptor agonist, significantly increasing proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells at 10^-5 M with an RPE% of 33.49, and this effect is reversible with estrogen receptor antagonist pretreatment (30 min)^[1].
2-Isopropylthioxanthone (0.05-50 μM; 6-24 h) activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in DR CALUX- rat H4IIE hepatoma cells, with an EC₅₀ of 7 μM after 24 h exposure^[2].
2-Isopropylthioxanthone (0.001-50 μM; 6-24 h) induces cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)-mediated EROD activity in wild-type rat H4IIE hepatoma cells, with an EC₅₀ of 1 μM after 24 h exposure^[2].
2-Isopropylthioxanthone (1000-100000 nM; 24 h) exhibits anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing the estrogen receptor in the presence of a 17β-estradiol (HY-B0141) level of 1 nM^[2].