Loxapine (hydrochloride)

Loxapine hydrochloride is an orally active dopamine inhibitor, 5-HT receptor antagonist and also a dibenzoxazepine anti-psychotic agent^[1][4]. In Vitro: In the presence of Loxapine, [³H]ketanserin binds to 5-HT₂ receptor in Frontal cortex of brain in human and bovine with K_i value of 6.2 nM and 6.6 nM, respectively. Loxapine has the rank order of potency for the various receptors appears to be as follows: 5-HT₂≥D₄>>>D₁>D₂ in comparing competition experiments involving the human membranes^[1].
Loxapine (0-20 μM, 24 h or 72 h) reduces IL-1β secretion by LPS-activated mixed glia cultures, reduces IL-2 secretion in mixed glia cultures, and decreases IL-1β and IL-2 secretion in LPS-induced microglia cultures^[2]. In Vivo: Loxapine (5 mg/kg; i.p.; daily for 4 or 10 weeks) decreases serotonin (S₂) but does not elevate dopamine (D2) receptor numbers in the rat brain^[3].