3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid

3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid is a tryptophan metabolite in the kynurenine pathway.3-hydroxyanthranilic acid has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and lipid-lowering effects. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid can be used for researches of cardiovascular diseases, tumors, and metabolic diseases^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]}. In Vitro: 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (12.5-100 μM, 24-72 h) selectively induces activated T cell death via intracellular GSH depletion^[2].
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (100-200 μM, 6 h) reduces ability of BMDCs stimulated with LPS to produce cytokines (IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α) and DC maturation^[3].
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (0-100 μM, 1-72 h) plays anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles via Hemeoxygenase-1 in primary human fetal central nervous system cultures^[4].
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (1-50 μM, 6 h) inhibits monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression via heme oxygenase-1 induction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells^[6].
In Vivo: 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (40 μg/each mouse, injected intracerebrally into the forebrains) can induce HO-1 in 8-week-old C57BL6 mice^[4].
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (200 mg/kg, i.p., three times a week, 8 weeks) lowers plasma lipids and decreases atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice^[5].
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (200 mg/kg, i.p., 6 weeks) contributes to angiotensin II–induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice^[7].
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (120 mg/kg, tail vein injection, once weekly, 12 weeks) combines with Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis in rats by modulating gut microbiota and Th17/Treg^[8].