Verbenalin

Verbenalin is an orally active terpenoid glycoside that can be extracted from the medicinal plant Verbena officinalis. Verbenalin has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and neuroprotective effects. Verbenalin has a strong binding affinity to the nsp-12 protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Verbenalin can be used in the research of inflammatory and nervous system diseases such as hepatitis and Alzheimer's disease^{[1][2][3][4][5]}. In Vitro:Verbenalin (1-100 μM; 24 h) can downregulate the levels of APP and Aβ42 in APP-overexpressing N2a cells, while there is no significant change in the level of Aβ40^[1]. In Vivo:Verbenalin (100-200 mg/kg; gavage; 35 days) reduces the levels of Aβ and tau in the hippocampus and restores the expression of BDNF in the AD mouse model^[1].
Verbenalin (50-200 mg/kg; gavage; 21 days) has an improving effect in the mouse prostatitis model^[2].
Verbenalin (5-20 mg/kg; intravenous injection; single dose) has a protective effect in the rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion^[3].
Verbenalin (12.5-50 mg/kg; gavage; 16 days) can alleviate liver injury, regulate lipid homeostasis, inhibit oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis, and improve mitochondrial function in the mouse model of alcoholic steatohepatitis^[5].