Vacquinol-1

Vacquinol-1 (NSC13316) is a MKK4-specific activator that activates the MAPK pathway. Vacquinol-1 inhibits the growth, migration and colony formation, and induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Vacquinol-1 is applicable to research related to cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma^[1][2]. In Vitro:Vacquinol-1 (1.56-25 μM; 24-72 h) inhibits the viability of BEL7402/Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro^[1].
Vacquinol-1 (0-24 μM; 24 h) inhibits the colony-forming ability of BEL7402/Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and induces cell apoptosis^[1].
Vacquinol-1 (10 μM; 24 h) activates the endogenous apoptotic pathway in BEL7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, induces the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP-1, upregulates the expression of Bax and Bim, and downregulates the expression of Bcl-2^[1].
Vacquinol-1 (10 μM; 1-12 h) induces the translocation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax from the cytoplasm to mitochondria in BEL7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cells^[1].
Vacquinol-1 (15 μM; 5 h) activates the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, upregulates α-SMA, an activation marker of the hepatic stellate cell line HSC-T6, promotes collagen production, and induces phosphorylation of the linker region of Smad2/3^[2].