1-Monopalmitin

1-Monopalmitin (Glyceryl palmitate) is an activator of the PI3K/Akt pathway and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). 1-Monopalmitin can induce G2/M arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells, while inhibiting IAPs protein expression. 1-Monopalmitin can increase drug accumulation by inhibiting P-gp activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. 1-Monopalmitin has the ability to induce protective autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells (IC₅₀=50-58 μg/mL), with low toxicity to normal cells^[1][2]. In Vitro:1-Monopalmitin (0-100 μg/mL; 48 h) inhibits cell proliferation in lung cancer cells (A549, SPC-A1, H460, H1299) in a dose-dependent manner with low toxicity to normal bronchial epithelial cells HBE^[1].
1-Monopalmitin (50 μg/mL; 20 h) induces G2/M arrest in A549 and SPC-A1 cells, upregulates p21 protein and downregulates Cyclin D1^[1].
1-Monopalmitin (12.5-50 μg/mL; 48 h) promotes apoptosis of A549 and SPC-A1 cells, activates Caspase-3 and PARP cleavage, and inhibits the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs)^[1].
1-Monopalmitin (50 μg/mL; 8 h) induces protective autophagy in A549 and SPC-A1 cells, as evidenced by LC3-II accumulation and p62 degradation^[1].
1-Monopalmitin (0.1-300 μM; 2 h) increases Rhodamine-123 (HY-D0816) and Daunorubicin (HY-13062A) accumulation in a dose-dependent manner in intestinal Caco-2 cells, inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity with non-cytotoxictiy^[2].