NADPH

NADPH is a coenzyme of glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), and participates in redox reactions as a hydrogen donor. NADPH has the characteristic of selectively participating in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis. NADPH exerts antioxidant activity and resists reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage by providing reducing equivalents for the regeneration of glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx); at the same time, it acts as a substrate of NOX to generate superoxide anions, mediating oxidative stress and immune response. NADPH participates in maintaining the intracellular reducing environment, biosynthesis and regulating gene expression (such as the Nrf2 pathway), and is mainly used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer) and immune regulation mechanisms^[1][2]. In Vitro:In NADK-overexpressing cells, a 4-5-fold increase in NADK concentration increases the survival rate of HEK293 cells after treatment with 1 mM H₂O₂ and 0.1 mM Menadione (HY-B0332) (treatment for 24 h)^[2].
The mRNA and protein expressions of PRDX5 and Nrf2 are also decreased in NADK-overexpressing HEK293 cells^[2].