AFMK

AFMK, antioxidant metabolite of Melatonin, attenuates X-ray-induced oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids in mice. AFMK is a poorer scavenger. The pK_a of AFMK at physiological pH is 8.7. Antioxidant capacity^[1][2]. AFMK improves the anti-tumor effect of Gemcitabine in PANC-1 cells through the modulation of apoptotic pathway^[3]. In Vitro: AFMK is one of the metabolites of melatonin and can be formed by both enzymatic or pseudoenzymatic and nonenzymatic metabolic pathways^[1].
AFMK pretreatment significantly inhibits DNA damage. AFMK shows a very high level of in vitro hydroxyl radical scavenging potential which was measured by an electron spin resonance (ESR) study. IC₅₀ values resulting from ESR analysis was 338.08 nM. AFMK, a melatonin metabolite, is a sparingly investigated biogenic amine^[2].
AFMK administered to PANC-1 in combination with Gemcitabine inhibits the production of HSP70 and cIAP-2 as compared to the results obtained with Gemcitabine alone^[3]. In Vivo: AFMK is a potent antioxidant in vivo. AFMK significantly reverses radiation-induced decline in the total antioxidant capacity of plasma in mice^[2].