L-Cysteine

L-Cysteine (Cysteine) is an orally active conditionally essential amino acid with hypoglycemic effects, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells via the CBS/H2S pathway. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans. L-Cysteine can be used as an anorectic agent^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:L-Cysteine (0.1-50 μM, 24 and 48 h) increases cell viability of neural stem cells (NSCs) and promotes proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs^[2].
L-cysteine (1 μM, 0-90 min) activates ERK1/2 via CBS/H2S pathway in NSCs^[2].
L-Cysteine (0.1-20 mM, 30 min) results in a decrease in glucose uptake in soleus muscle^[3].
L-Cysteine (0.5 mM, 30 min) increases GLUT3 levels in SH-SY5Y cells and GLUT4 levels in SH-SY5Y cells, soleus muscle and C2C12 muscle cells^[3].
In Vivo:L-Cysteine (1-4 mmol/kg, p.o. or i.p., a single dose for 1 h) decreases food intake in rodents, increases respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in mice, increases neuronal activation in the rat brainstem, reduces gastric emptying and suppresses plasma acyl ghrelin levels in rats^[1].