Deoxynivalenol

Deoxynivalenol, an orally active mycotoxin of the trichothecenes family, crosses the intestinal mucosa by a paracellular pathway through the tight junctions. The Deoxynivalenol transport is not affected by P-glycoprotein (PgP) or multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) inhibitors^[1]. In Vitro: Deoxynivalenol (0-2 μg/mL, 24 h) provokes the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) Erk1/2, p38 and SAPK/JNK in Caco-2 cells^[1].
Deoxynivalenol (100-4000 ng/mL, 24-72 h) reduces the viability of IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2 cells after 48 h and 72 h incubation at the doses of 500-4000 ng/mL^[2].
Deoxynivalenol (0-4000 ng/mL, 24-72 h) increases BrdU incorporation at 200 ng/mL and decreases BrdU incorporation at 2000-4000 ng/mL in IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2 cells^[2].
In Vivo: Deoxynivalenol (0-5 mg/kg, i.g., daily, 14 days) increases the number of pregnant rats with excessive salivation in a dose-related manner^[3].
Deoxynivalenol (0-5 mg/kg, i.g., daily, 14 days) causes abnormal sternum development in fetuses rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg^[3].
Deoxynivalenol (10-1000 mg/kg; p.o., i.p.; once time) is estimated to be 78 mg/kg (p.o.) and 49 mg/kg (i.p.) of LD50 values in the B6C3F1 mouse^[4].
Deoxynivalenol (2-20 mg/kg, p.o., daily, 4 weeks) increases in plasma in a dose-dependent manner and reduces weight gain in B6C3F1 mouse^[5].

Pharmacokinetic Analysis in B6C3F1 Mice Model^[5]

Route	Dose (mg/kg)	Plasma T1/2α (min)	Plasma T1/2β (h)	Liver T1/2α (min)	Liver T1/2β (h)	Kidney T1/2α (min)	Kidney T1/2β (h)	Spleen T1/2α (min)	Spleen T1/2β (h)	Heart T1/2α (min)	Heart T1/2β (h)
p.o.	25	20.4	11.8	22	19	47	20.9	29	9	41	12.3