Abietic acid

Abietic acid, an orally active diterpene isolated from Colophony, displays significant anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity effect, bacteriostatic, cell cycle arresting and pro-apoptotic activities. Abietic acid inhibits lipoxygenase activity for allergy. Abietic acid enhances cell migration and tube formation in HUVECs. Abietic acid induces significant angiogenic potential, which is associated with upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 expression. Abietic acid attenuates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. Abietic acid exhibits a positive effect against liver injury by attenuating inflammation and ferroptosis. Abietic acid shows accelerated wound closure in a mouse model of cutaneous wounds. Abietic acid significantly reduces the proliferation and growth of NSCLC cells by IKKβ inhibition.Additionally, Abietic acid ameliorates psoriasis-like inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in mice. Abietic acid is promising for research in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), liver injury-related deseases and psoriasis^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]}.
In Vitro:Abietic acid (0.8 μM, 24 h) inhibits the cell proliferation in in HUVECs, NSCLC and mouse macrophages, but increases tube formation, cell migration and the expression of p-p38 and p-ERK in HUVECs^[2][3][6].
Abietic acid (0-50 μM, 24h) effectively arrested the cells in the G0/G1 phase through reducing the expression of cell cycle-related proteins^[3].
Abietic acid (0-100 μM, 0.5 h or 1 h) binds directly to IKKβ and suppresses the IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway in NSCLC cells^[3].
The structure of hepatocytes in acetaminophen (APAP) (HY-66005) (300 mg/kg, i.p., 13 h) + abietic acid (10, 20, 40mg /kg, i.p., 13 h) group is similar to that in APAP group, the area of inflammatory infiltration and tissue necrosis is significantly reduced, and the nucleolus is obvious in the liver of mice^[5].
Abietic acid (20, 40, 80 μM, 13 h)significantly inhibits APAP-induced TNF-α, IL-1β expression and MDA and Fe²⁺ production, but significantly increases the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in liver cells^[5].
In Vivo:Abietic acid (0.8 µM, daily for 10 days) exhibits accelerated wound healing in male ICR mouse model of cutaneous wounds^[2].
Abietic acid (40 mg/kg, i.p., 6 or 24 h) improved survival and attenuates sepsis induced lung injury in mice^[6].
Abietic acid (1.0 mg/kg, p.o., daily for 7 days) ameliorates the symptom of imiquimod (IMQ) (HY-B0180)-induced psoriasis-like inflammation and reconstructs the microbiota community composition in mice^[7].