Isoprenaline (hydrochloride)

Isoprenaline (Isoproterenol) hydrochloride is a non-selective, orally active β-adrenergic receptor agonist. Isoprenaline has potent peripheral vasodilator, bronchodilator, and cardiac stimulating activities. Isoprenaline can be used for the research of bradycardia and bronchial asthma^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}. In Vitro: Isoprenaline (Isoproterenol) hydrochloride (300 nM, 3 min) increases particulate cGMP- and cilostamide-inhibited, low-K_m cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) activity by about 100% in intact rat fat cells^[1].
Isoprenaline inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity in rat adipocytes. Isoprenaline, in the absence of adenosine, promotes a time-dependent (t1/2 approximately 2 min) decrease in the accessibility of insulin-stimulated cell surface GLUT4 of > 50%, which directly correlated with the observed inhibition of transport activity^[2].
Isoprenaline (5 nM and 10 μM) increases cyclic AMP levels and this effect is potentiated by cilostamide (10 mM), by rolipram, a cyclic AMP-specific PDE (PDE 4) inhibitor (10 mM) and by cyclic GMP-elevating agents (50 nM ANF or 30 nM SNP plus 100 nM DMPPO)^[3].
Isoprenaline increases the transcriptional activity of Gi alpha-2 gene to 140% of the control value, whereas gene specific hybridization for Gs alpha remains unchanged^[4].
Isoprenaline (20 nM) increases the amplitude of total iK and causes a negative shift of approximately 10 mV in the activation curve for iK, both in the absence and in the presence of 300 nM nisoldipine to block the L-type Ca²⁺ current^[5].
Isoprenaline (20 nM) increases the spontaneous pacemaker rate of sino-atrial node pacemaker cells by 16% in rabbit isolated pacemaker cells^[5]. In Vivo: Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

Isoprenaline (Isoproterenol) hydrochloride (oral, 0.27-0. 64 μg/kg) is extensively metabolizes by a relatively small number of reactions in dogs^[6].