Thioridazine

Thioridazine, an antagonist of the dopamine receptor D2 family proteins, exhibits potent anti-psychotic and anti-anxiety activities. Thioridazine is also a potent inhibitor of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways with anti-angiogenic effect. Thioridazine shows antiproliferative and apoptosis induction effects in various types of cancer cells, with specificity on targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs)^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro: Thioridazine (0.01-100 μM; 48 h) reduces the cell viability of NCI-N87 and AGS cells in a concentration-dependent manner^[2].
Thioridazine (15 μM; 24 h) reduces cell viability of the cervical (HeLa, Caski and C33A) and endometrial (HEC-1-A and KLE) cancer cells^[4].
Thioridazine (1-15 μM; 24-48 h) induces gastric cancer cell death via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and mitochondrial pathway^[2].
Thioridazine (15 μM; 24 h) modulates the regulation of cell cycle progression by interfering with the PI3K/Akt pathway and induces G₁ cell cycle arrest in cervical and endometrial cancer cells ^[4].
Thioridazine inhibits the growth of antibiotic-sensitive and multidrug-resistant strains of A. baumannii^[3].
In Vivo: Thioridazine (25 mg/kg; i.p. every 3 days for 3 weeks) extends the survival of tumor-bearing mice and reduces the number of pluripotent embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells within tumors^[5].
Thioridazine (1.0-5.0 mg/kg; s.c.) reduces oral behavior and selectively blocks repetitive head bobbing^[1].