Julocrotine

Julocrotine is a naturally derived, orally active glutarimide alkaloid. Julocrotine alleviates rotenone-induced climbing impairment in Drosophila melanogaster and elevation of malondialdehyde levels in brain tissues, and restores the elevated mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase to normal. Julocrotine inhibits the growth of Leishmania amazonensis, induces its ultrastructural changes and reduces the number of amastigotes. Julocrotine can be used in research related to Parkinson's disease and cutaneous leishmaniasis^[1][2]. In Vitro:Julocrotine (3.1-316 μM; 24-120 h) potently inhibits the proliferation of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ of 67 μM^[2].
Julocrotine (79 μM; 48-72 h) causes significant ultrastructural damage to Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes, reduces the number of amastigotes in mouse peritoneal macrophages after 72 h of treatment, and causes no visible damage to host macrophages^[2].
Julocrotine (3.1-316 μM; 72 h) potently inhibits the survival of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis amastigotes in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ of 19.8 μM^[2]. In Vivo:Julocrotine (compound 4) (10-40 µM; p.o.; daily; 7 days) exhibits neuroprotective activity in a rotenone-induced Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson’s disease by improving locomotor ability and reducing oxidative stress, with an LC₅₀ of 101.0 µM in the species^[1].