Luteolin

Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Luteolin (0-160 μM; 24 hours; NCI-H460 cells) treatment inhibits the viability of NCI-H460 cells in a concentration-dependent manner^[1].
Luteolin (20-80 μM; 24 hours; NCI-H460 cells) treatment causes an accumulation of cells in the S phase^[1].
Luteolin (320-580 μM; 48 hours; NCI-H460 cells) treatment induces apoptosis^[1].
Luteolin (20-80 μM; 24 hours; NCI-H460 cells) treatment increases the protein expression levels of apoptotic regulatory proteins, including the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, in a concentration-dependent manner, however, only 80 μM Luteolin inhibits the expression of Bad. Luteolin also decreases the expression of Sirt1 in the NCI-H460 cell line in a concentration-dependent manner^[1]. In Vivo:Luteolin (10-100 mg/kg; oral gavage; daily; for 12 weeks; adult male Wistar rats) has an antioxidant effect and can also protect against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through targeting the pro-inflammatory IL-1 and Il-18 pathways in rats with a high carbohydrate/high fat diet^[2].