Kaempferide

Kaempferide is an orally active flavonol isolated from Hippophae rhamnoides L. Kaempferide has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antihypertensive, and neuroprotective activities. Kaempferide induces apoptosis. Kaempferide promotes osteogenesis through antioxidants and can be used in osteoporosis research^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}. In Vitro:Kaempferid is toxic in HCC cell lines (HepG2:IC₅₀ = 27.94 µM; Huh7: IC₅₀ = 25.65  µM; N1S1: IC₅₀ = 15.18  µM)^[1].
Kaempferid (5, 20 μM; 48 h) reduces lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells induced by oral acid (OA) (0.5 mM) (HY-N1446)^[2].
Kaempferide promotes osteogenesis through the FoxO1/β-catenin signaling pathway ^[3]. Kaempferide (10-15 μM; 24 h) is toxic in HeLa cells with an IC₅₀ of 16 μM and can induce apoptosis^[6].
In Vivo:Kaempferid (25 mg/kg; IV; three times a week) has anticancer activity in SD (Sprague Dawley) rats^[1]. Kaempferide (10 mg/kg; supplemented in daily diet, once daily for16 weeks) ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation in obese C57BL/6J mice by inhibiting the TLR4/i-κBα/NF-κB pathway and can alleviate Obesity and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders^[4].
Kaempferide (0.1-0.3 mg/kg; injection, single dose) alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway in Sprague Dawley (I/R)-induced rats^[5].