Thymoquinone

Thymoquinone is an orally active natural product isolated from N. sativa Thymoquinone down-regulates the VEGFR2-PI3K-Akt pathway. Thymoquinone has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiviral, antiangiogenic activity and hepatoprotective effects. Thymoquinone can be used to study Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease and inflammation ^{[1][2][3][4][5]}. In Vitro:Thymoquinone (20-100 μM, 24-72 h) has anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic activity in non-small cell lung cancer SCLC cell lines, and has a synergistic effect with Cisplatin (CDDP) (HY-17394) ^[3].
Thymoquinone (100 nM, 24 h) inhibits VEGF expression in HUVECs cells through the VEGFR2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway^[5].
In Vivo:Thymoquinone (5-20 mg/kg/day for 3 days, i.p.) can play a protective role against hepatotoxicity induced by paraquat by activating SOD inhibition mediated by paraquat^[1].
Thymoquinone (10 mg/kg/day for 5 days, p.o.) can protect against Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats through superoxide clearance and anti-lipid peroxidation^[2].
Thymoquinone (5-20 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) on Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 3 weeks) alone can effectively reduce the tumor volume of NCI-H460 mouse xenograft model, overcome Cisplatin (CDDP) (HY-17394) resistance, and improve its efficacy ^[3].
Thymoquinone (10 or 20 mg/kg/day for 15 days, i.g.) could clear Aβ plaques and restore neuronal vitality, which could improve the memory ability of Aβ1-42 perfusion rats^[4].
Thymoquinone (single 3 mg/kg, i.p.) down-regulates the VEGFR2-PI3K-Akt pathway and inhibits inflammation and new angiogenesis in asthmatic mice^[5].