Guaiazulene

Guaiazulene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene. Guaiazulene exhibits various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and anti-tumor properties. Guaiazulene is also commonly used as a colorant in cosmetics. Guaiazulene shows in vitro cytotoxicity to rat neuronal cells and N2a neuroblastoma cells at high concentrations^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Guaiazulene (≥150 μg/mL; 24 h) can reduce the cell viability, inhibit the total antioxidant capacity, but has no obvious DNA damage in N2a and rat neurons^[1].
Guaiazulene (5-20 μM; 0-45 min) significantly inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes with an IC₅₀ of 9.8 μM^[2].
Guaiazulene (0-250 μM; 48 h) can inhibit the proliferation, reduce clone formation, and induce ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines^[3].
Guaiazulene (0-150 μM; 24-48 h) triggers a complete autophagic flux in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1975 by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway^[3]. In Vivo:Guaiazulene (250 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; single dose) exerts a protective effect in a rat model of liver injury^[2].
Guaiazulene (25 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; 3 weeks) exhibits anti-tumor activity in a nude mouse model of A549 xenograft^[3].