Aucubin

Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects^[1][2][3]. In Vitro: Aucubin (0.001-1 μg/mL; pretreated for 30 min) dose-dependently inhibits IgE-induced TNF-α and IL-6 production and expression in RBL-2H3 cells, with IC₅₀s of 0.101 and 0.19 μg/mL, respectively^[2].
Aucubin (0.01 μg/mL; pretreated for 30 min) inhibits IgE-induced nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of NF-κB and degradation of IκBα in RBL-2H3 cells^[2].
Aucubin (0.001-1 mM; 12 h) increases PC12 cellular viability and markedly inhbits H₂O₂-induced apoptotic cell death^[4]. In Vivo: Aucubin (5 mg/kg; i.p. for 15 d) has antioxidant and pancreas-protective effects on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes^[1].
Aucubin (40-200 mg/kg; a single i.p.) exhibits significant protective activity against α-amanitin intoxication in mice^[5].
Aucubin (5 mg/kg/day; i.p. for 21 d) decreases the breathing frequency, increases the lung dynamic compliance, alleviates lung parenchymal fibrotic changes, and reduces the intrapulmonary collagen disposition and inflammatory injury of BLM-stimulated mice^[6].