Fulvic Acid

Fulvic Acid is a natural product, which comes from humic substances produced by microorganisms in soil. Fulvic Acid can modulate the immune system, influence the oxidative state of cells, and improve gastrointestinal function. Fulvic Acid has the potential for researching chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes^[1][2]. In Vitro:Fulvic acid (200 μg/mL) reduces TNF-α expression in LPS-exposed differentiated human U937 monocytes^[1].
Fulvic acid reduces proinflammatory mediator release (B-hexosaminidase, histamine, TNF^−α, IL-4, IL-13) from immunoglobulin-E-sensitized mast cells and basophil cells^[1].
Fulvic acid increases oxidative stress in isolated cartilage cells from 12-day-old embryonic chicks^[1].
Fulvic acid increases oxidative markers and induces apoptosis in hepatic cancer cell lines^[1].
Fulvic acid (100 μg/mL) increases NO and ROS production and reduces cell viability in isolated murine peritoneal macrophages^[1].
Fulvic acid increases copper absorption and reduces copper toxicity in porcine oviductal epithelial cells^[1]. In Vivo:Fulvic acid (topical) reduces dinitrofluorobenzene-induced ear swelling in Mus musculus to levels similar to steroid medication^[1].
Fulvic acid (100 mg/kg; oral) reduces carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats to levels similar to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs^[1].
Fulvic acid (300 mg/kg/day; daily; 4 weeks) reduces isoproterenol-induced myocardial oxidative damage in rats by decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidant enzyme levels^[1].
Fulvic acid (1.5% w/w in feed; daily; 60 days) modulates intestinal microbiota and increases digestive enzyme activity in juvenile loach^[1].
Fulvic acid (211 p.p.m.; oral; continuously from parental generation through second generation) supplementation induces lysine overhydroxylation in bone and cartilage collagens, reduces collagen thermal stability, and decreases bone mechanical strength in Mus musculus^[2].