β-Cryptoxanthin

β-Cryptoxanthin ((3R)-β-Cryptoxanthin) is an orally active carotenoid found in fruits and vegetables such as angerines, red peppers, and pumpkin. β-Cryptoxanthin inhibits prevents osteoclast formation and inhibits bone resorption. β-Cryptoxanthin maintains retinol status in vivo. β-cryptoxanthin shows anti-inflammation and anticancer activity. β-Cryptoxanthin can be used for the researches of osteoporosis and bladder carcer^[1][2]. In Vitro:β-Cryptoxanthin inhibits growth, upregulates RARβ mRNA, and transactivates RARE-mediated transcription in BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells in vitro^[1].
β-Cryptoxanthin increase calcium content,
protein content, and alkaline phosphatase activity in bone^[1].
β-Cryptoxanthin inhibits bone resorption in vitro by preventing osteoclast formation in mouse marrow cultures and inducing caspase-3-dependent apoptosis of mature osteoclastic cells, with synergistic effects alongside zinc^[1]. In Vivo:β-Cryptoxanthin (diet) from maize or fruit maintains retinol status in Mongolian gerbils at levels equivalent to β-carotenerich counterparts^[1].
β-cryptoxanthin supplementation significantly decreases smoke-induced
squamous metaplasia and inflammation in the lung and lowers tumor necrosis factor a concentrations in lung tissue cells and macrophages in ferrets^[1].
β-cryptoxanthin supplementation inhibits nicotine-promoted lung tumorigenesis and emphysema in A/J mice, while restoring key regulatory gene expression and improving survival^[1].
β-cryptoxanthin supplementation inhibits N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in male ICR mice^[1].
β-Cryptoxanthin (50-500 µg/kg; p.o.; daily; 1 week) increases bone formation markers and prevents bone loss in multiple rat models of osteoporosis, with enhanced efficacy when combined with zinc^[1].
β-Cryptoxanthin (0.05-1.75 mg/kg; p.o.; ad libitum in drinking water; 7 days) dose-dependently suppresses psychosocial stress-induced adrenal hypertrophy in male ddY mice^[2].