Atraric acid

Atraric acid (Methyl atrarate) is a specific androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Atraric acid represses the expression of the endogenous prostate specific antigen gene in both LNCaP and C4-2 cells. Atraric acid can also inhibit the synthesis of NO and cytokine, and suppress the MAPK-NFκB signaling pathway. Atraric acid can be used to research prostate diseases and inflammatory diseases^[1][2]. IC50 & Target:Androgen receptor, NO synthesis, MAPK-NFκB pathway^[1][2] In Vitro: Atraric acid (10 μM; CV1 cells) represses the transactivation function mediated by Dihydrotestosterone-induced human AR^[1].
Atraric acid (10 μM; PCa cells) inhibits the expression of the PSA gene in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent PCa cells^[1].
Atraric acid (1-300 μM; 24 h) dose-dependently inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, but does not influence the cell viability^[2].
Atraric acid (100 and 300 μM; 18 h or 4 h) downregulates the expression of phosphorylated IκB, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells^[2]. In Vivo: Atraric acid (10, 30 mg/kg; i.p.; single dosage) inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduces pathological damages in LPS-induced endotoxin shock mice^[2].