Ethoxzolamide

Ethoxzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with K_i of 1 nM. IC50 & Target: Ki: 1 nM (carbonic anhydrase)^[1] In Vitro: Ethoxzolamide (ETZ) treatment causes >90% inhibition of reporter GFP fluorescence in infected macrophages. Moreover, in a 9-day macrophage survival assay, Ethoxzolamide (ETZ) treatment significantly inhibits the ability of M. tuberculosis to grow intracellularly^[2]. In Vivo: It is discovered that the lipid-soluble ethoxzolamide is converted in vivo to a water-soluble metabolite, while retaining high activity againstt the enzyme. At the minimal dose for maximal effect (4 mg/kg i.v. at 45 min) the IOP lowering is 4.2 mmHg, the concentration in anterior uvea is 2.5 pmol/kg, and the fractional inhibition of the enzyme (i) is 0.9995. The effect declines rapidly, attributable to the very short half-life of drug in plasma, leading to depletion of free drug in the anterior uvea and other tissues^[1]. Ethoxzolamide (ETZ) strongly downregulates GFP reporter fluorescence in mouse lungs, with 3-fold inhibition of GFP signal compare to that in the mock-treating control. There is a significant reduction of bacterial survival in the lungs of ETZ-treating mice compare to the mock-treating control^[2].