Bezafibrate

Bezafibrate is an agonist of PPAR, with EC₅₀s of 50 μM, 60 μM, 20 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, and 90 μM, 55 μM, 110 μM for murine PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively; Bezafibrate is used as an hypolipidemic agent. IC50 & Target: EC50: 90 μM (Murine PPARα), 55 μM (Murine PPARγ), 110 μM (Murine PPARδ), 50 μM (Human PPARα), 60 μM (Human PPARγ), 20 μM (Human PPARδ)^[1] In Vitro: Bezafibrate is an agonist of PPAR, with EC₅₀s of 90 μM, 55 μM, 110 μM for murine PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, and 50 μM, 60 μM, 20 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively^[1]. Bezafibrate (> 200 μM) shows significant cytotoxicity against human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells. Bezafibrate (30-100 μM) suppresses tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α induced inflammatory factors and regulates TNFα induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB transactivation in HRMEC. Bezafibrate inhibits VEGF-induced HRMECs migration, and inhibits interleukin (IL)-1β-induced VEGF secretion of ARPE-19 cells^[2]. In Vivo: Bezafibrate (0.5%) markedly reduces plasma lipid and glucose levels, and increases islet area in the pancreas in TallyHo mice. Bezafibrate also improves energy expenditure and metabolic flexibility. Moreover, Bezafibrate ameliorates steatosis, modifies lipid composition and increases mitochondrial mass in the liver^[3].