Actinine

Actinine is a metabolic and pro-atherogenic intermediate with oral activity. Actinine acts as a substrate for the yeaW/X microbial enzyme complex to generate trimethylamine (TMA). Actinine accelerates atherosclerosis development in a gut microbe-dependent manner. Actinine can be used for the research of atherosclerosis^[1]. In Vitro:Actinine (γBB) served as a substrate for the microbial enzyme complex yeaW/X from E. coli, which exhibited TMA lyase activity^[1]. In Vivo:Dietary supplementation with γBB (1.3% gm/gm; dietary supplementation; from weaning until 19 weeks of age) increases aortic root atherosclerotic plaque area by 50% in a gut microbe-dependent manner^[1].
Chronic dietary supplementation with γBB (1.3% gm/gm; dietary supplementation; from weaning until 10 weeks of age) induces gut microbial functional capacity to produce TMA and TMAO from γBB but not from L-carnitine^[1].
Gut microbial colonization is required for γBB (gastric gavage) conversion to TMA and TMAO, while γBB conversion to carnitine occurs via the host endogenous pathway^[1].