Nitroxoline

Nitroxoline (8-Hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline), an antibiotic, is an orally active antibiofilm agent. Nitroxoline reduces the formation and induces the dispersal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by chelation of iron and zinc. Nitroxoline can be used for the urinary tract infections and cancer research^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Biofilm mass synthesis is reduced by up to 80% at sub-MIC Nitroxoline (0.25-16 μg/mL) concentrations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and structures formed are reticulate rather than compact. In preformed biofilms, viable cell counts are reduced by 4 logs at therapeutic concentrations^[1].
Nitroxoline (2.5-20 μM; 24 hours) effectively inhibits cell survival of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells, and induces SCLC cell apoptosis by suppressing antiapoptotic proteins (such as Bcl-2 and MCL1) and upregulating proapoptotic protein Bim. Nitroxoline is found to downregulate MDM2 expression by inducing its proteasomal degradation, and thus upregulates p53 expression, which is a substrate protein of MDM2^[2]. In Vivo:Nitroxoline (15-60mg/kg; orally gavage) results in significant inhibition of tumor growth in the C3H/He mice bladder cancer subcutaneous model^[3].