Picroside II

Picroside II is an antioxidant with oral activity that can reduce the production of ROS and protect the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after CI/R injury, offering neuroprotective effects. Picroside II has antioxidant, immune-regulating, antiviral properties, and inhibits apoptosis. Picroside II alleviates the inflammatory response in sepsis by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathways^{[1][2][3][4][5]}. In Vitro:Picroside II (5-20 μM, 24 h) upregulates the expression of the bcl-2 gene in primary rat liver cells^[1].
Picroside II (0-300 μM, 24 h) inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells^[2].
Picroside II (10 μM, 20 h) reduces the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid uptake and synthesis in HepG2 cells^[2]. In Vivo:Picroside II (0-20 mg/kg, i.g., given in two doses) protects liver cells from damage and prevents apoptosis^[1].
Picroside II (20 mg/kg, intravenous injection, given in four doses) inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway in mice, reducing the inflammatory response in sepsis and enhancing immune function^[3].
Picroside II (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, a single dose) protects the blood-brain barrier by inhibiting oxidative signaling pathways in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury^[4].
Picroside II (5-20 mg/kg, i.g., once a day for seven days) has anti-lipid peroxidation effects and protects against mitochondrial damage in mice with liver injury^[5].