Albiflorin

Albiflorin, a major constituent contained in peony root, is a monoterpene glycoside with neuroprotective effects. Albiflorin also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects^[1][2]. In Vitro: Albiflorin (50-200 μM; pretreated for 3 hours; PC12 cells) treatment significantly ameliorates glutamate (Glu)-induced reduction of cell viability^[1].
Albiflorin (100 μM; pretreated for 3 hours; PC12 cells) treatment significantly ameliorates Glu-induced reduction of nuclear and mitochondrial apoptotic alteration, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bax ratio^[1].
Albiflorin (100 μM; pretreated for 3 hours; PC12 cells) treatment enhances phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream element GSK-3β^[1]. In Vivo: Albiflorin (50?mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; once a day; for 15 days; Wistar rats) treatment significantly increases the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) on the 11th and 15th day after surgery in rats. Albiflorin could inhibit the activation of p38 MAPK pathway in spinal microglia and subsequent upregulated IL-1β and TNF-α. Albiflorin displays remarkable effects on inhibiting the activation of astrocytes, suppressing the overelevated expression of phosphorylation of c-JNK (p-JNK) in astrocytes, and decreasing the content of chemokine CXCL1 in the spinal cord^[2].