Fenobucarb

Fenobucarb is a carbamate insecticide. Fenobucarb induces zebrafish developmental neurotoxicity through pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, degeneration and apoptosis. Fenobucarb is a possible risk factor to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in animals^[1][2]. In Vitro:Fenobucarb (6.25-200 μg/mL, 6-120 hours post fertilization (hpf)) dose dependently induces apoptosis, significantly increases Caspase activity and reactive oxygen species levels, and significantly inhibits AChE activity in wild-type AB zebrafish brain cells^[1].
Fenobucarb (12.5-200 μg/mL, 120 hbf) significantly downregulate multiple neurodevelopmental genes in zebrafish^[1]. In Vivo:Fenobucarb (6.25–400 μg/mL, 6-120 hbf) causes degeneration of central neurons, shortening of motor neuron length, increased infiltration of neutrophils, significant decrease in movement distance and speed in zebrafish (LC₅₀ = 205 μg/mL)^[1].