L-Citrulline (GMP)

L-Citrulline GMP is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable neutral α-amino acid. L-Citrulline GMP inhibits the mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis via a NO-dependent pathway, thereby reducing excessive ROS production. Consequently, L-Citrulline GMP protects sperm DNA integrity, stabilizes the blood-testis barrier and improves semen quality. L-Citrulline GMP can be used in research related to male infertility, mycobacterial infection (tuberculosis) and radiation combined injury^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:L-Citrulline (GMP) (1-2 mM) protects mouse C2C12 myoblasts against 43 °C heat stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell injury via a nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of DRP1 activation^[1].
L-Citrulline GMP maintains normal autophagic flux in primary human airway epithelial cells by mitigating asymmetric dimethylarginine-induced nitrative stress via restored nitric oxide bioavailability^[1]. In Vivo:L-Citrulline GMP (1 g/kg; p.o.; once daily; 21 days post-irradiation) significantly accelerates skin wound healing in a mouse model of radiation combined injury, improves bone marrow clonogenicity, and produces a non-significant trend toward increased 30-day survival (40% survival rate)^[3].
L-Citrulline GMP (1 g/kg; p.o.; once daily; 21 days post-irradiation), in combination with PEG-G-CSF, significantly increases 30-day survival (42% survival rate) in a mouse model of radiation combined injury, accelerates body weight recovery, improves bone marrow clonogenicity, and enhances intestinal crypt recovery^[3].
L-Citrulline GMP (1 g/kg; p.o.; once daily; 21 days post-irradiation) does not significantly improve 30-day survival in mice with total-body irradiation alone, but improves bone marrow clonogenicity and partially reduces irradiation-induced splenomegaly^[3].
L-Citrulline GMP (1 g/kg; p.o.; once daily; 21 days post-irradiation), in combination with PEG-G-CSF, does not significantly improve 30-day survival in mice with total-body irradiation alone, but improves bone marrow clonogenicity and fully inhibits irradiation-induced splenomegaly^[3].