Onjisaponin B

Onjisaponin B is an orally active natural product derived from Polygala tenuifolia. Onjisaponin B inhibits NF-κB p65. Onjisaponin B enhances autophagy and accelerates the degradation of mutant α-synuclein and huntingtin. Onjisaponin B reduces β-amyloid (Aβ) production. Onjisaponin B reduces radiation-induced cell apoptosis. Onjisaponin B has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Onjisaponin B can be used for neurological disease and radiation injury study, and its metabolite tenuifolin (TF) can enter the brain through the BBB^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro: Onjisaponin B (3-50 μM, 8-24 h) activates autophagy through an Atg7, AMPK-mTOR dependent manner in PC-12 cells^[1].
Onjisaponin B (6.25-50 μM, 16-24 h) enhances the clearance of mutant huntingtin and A53T α-synuclein, lowers the toxicity and acts as a neuroprotective agent in PC-12 cells, and reduces oligomerization of α-synuclein in HeLa cells^[1].
Onjisaponin B (0.01-10 μM) reducesβ-amyloid (Aβ) production with an IC₅₀ of 10 μM without affecting BACE1 or γ-secretase activity in 293T cells^[3].
Onjisaponin B (20 μg/mL, 8-50 h) inhibits the activation of Cas3 through p65, reducing radiation-induced cell apoptosis and helping to prevent radiation injury in TC, V79 and MTEC-1 cells^[4].
In Vivo: Onjisaponin B (40 mg/kg; i.g.; once) cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but its metabolite tenuifolin (TF) can enter the brain through the BBB in mice^[2].
Onjisaponin B (20-40 mg/kg; i.g.; daily for 12 days) ameliorates dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration in a MPTP (HY-15608)-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities mediated via the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway^[2].
Onjisaponin B (10 mg/kg; p.o.; daily from 4 to 7 months of age) reduces β-amyloid production and improve cognitive impairments in transgenic mice^[3].
Onjisaponin B (2.5 mg/kg; p.o.; 4 days prior to irradiation) significantly reduces pathological changes and apoptosis and the nuclear translocation of p65 in the lung tissue of p65+/- mice following radiation^[4].