Imazalil

Imazalil (Enilconazole) is a fungicide. Imazalil has oral activity and strongly activates mPXR but not mCAR in mouse liver. Imazalil is commonly used to protect various agricultural crops against fungal attack. Imazalil induces developmental abnormalities, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and hepatic metabolism disorder^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Imazalil (Enilconazole; 3, 10, 30 μM; for 6 h) significantly suppressed IL-17 mRNAs^[1].
imazalil (1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μM; for 24 h) dose-dependently induces the reporter gene expression only in mPXR-expressed HepG2 cells^[2].
In Vivo:Imazalil (Enilconazole; 25-100 mg/kg; ip) significantly increases hepatic Cyp3a11 mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner^[2].
Imazalil (75 mg/kg; ip; twice; once a day) combined with TCPOBOP (3 mg/kg) much greatly increased the number of Ki-67-positive nuclei and Mcm2 mRNA levels compared to its single treatment. Imazalil accelerates hepatocyte proliferation mediated by TCPOBOP treatment in mice^[2].
Imazalil (0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 mg/kg in drinking water for 15 weeks) induces oxidative stress and caused the disorders of bile acid metabolism in male adult C57BL/6 mice ^[3].