Ferric citrate

Ferric citrate (Iron(III) citrate), an orally active iron supplement, is an efficacious phosphate binder. Ferric citratee can be used for iron deficiency anemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) research^[1][2]. In Vitro: Ferric citrate (Iron(III) citrate; 1 mM; 24 hours) significantly induces CM cell death^[1].
Ferric citrate (Iron(III) citrate; 0.1 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM; 24 hours) increases ROS generation in cardiomyocyte (CM) cells in a dose-dependent manner^[1]. In Vivo: Here we compared the effects of Ferric citrate (25 μg/g) administration versus a mineral sufficient control diet using the Col4a3 knockout mouse model of progressive CKD and age-matched wild-type mice. Ferric citrate is given to knockout mice for four weeks beginning at six weeks of age when they had overt chronic kidney disease (CKD), or for six weeks beginning at four weeks of age when they had early CKD. Ferric citrate rescues iron deficiency and anemia in knockout mice regardless of the timing of treatment initiation, and circulating levels and bone expression of FGF23 are reduced. Ferric citrate also improves cardiac function and significantly improves survival^[3].
Ferric citrate is an efficacious and safe phosphate binder that increases iron stores and reduces intravenous iron and erythropoietin-stimulating agent use while maintaining hemoglobin. Ferric citrate can increase transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, and hemoglobin^[2].