Palmatine

Palmatine is an orally active and irreversible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC₅₀ of 96 μM. Palmatine shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities^{[1][2][3][4][5]}. IC50 & Target:IC50: IDO-1 inhibitor^[1] In Vitro:Palmatine (0-100 μM; 42 h) suppresses WNV with an EC₅₀ value of 3.6 μM, and reduce the viral titers of DENV-2 and YFV with EC₅₀ values of 26.4 μM and 7.3 μM, respectively^[3].
Palmatine (0-1128 μM; 24-72 h) inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation^[5].
Palmatine (0-704 μM; 24 h) reduces AURKA protein levels, induces G2/M phase arrest, and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via the mitochondrial associated pathway^[5]. In Vivo:Palmatine (50 or 100 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 7 days) ameliorates DSS (dextran sulfate sodium)-induced colitis and prevents infiltration of inflammatory cells^[1].
Palmatine (0-200 mg/kg; i.p.; once) attenuates D-galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056)-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice^[2].
Palmatine (0-1 mg/kg; i.p.; 10 days) shows memory-enhancing activity in mice^[4].
Palmatine (33.75-135 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 26 days) can effectively inhibit the growth of HCT-116 xenografts in mice^[5].