Citric acid (triammonium)

Citric acid triammonium (Triammonium citrate) is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid triammonium induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid triammonium cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid triammonium is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Citric acid triammonium (Triammonium citrate) can serve as an electrolyte additive; it refines PbSO₄ grains in the pure lead foil negative electrode of lead-acid batteries, modifies the PbSO₄ morphology into a layered stacked structure, inhibits sulfation, reduces charge-transfer resistance, and suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction^[5].
Triammonium citrate enhances the high-rate partial state-of-charge (HRPSoC) cycling performance and high-rate discharge specific capacity of pure lead foil lead-acid batteries^[5].