Flunisolide

Flunisolide is a corticosteroid, which is an orally active glucocorticoid receptor activator with anti-inflammatory activity. Flunisolide can induce eosinophil apoptosis, and is used for the research of asthma or rhinitis, and inflammation^[1][2]. In Vitro: Flunisolide (0.1-10 μM, 1 h) inhibits lung fibroblast (Isolated from lung) activation^[1].
Flunisolide (10 μM, 24 h) reduces MMP-9, TIMP-1, TGF-β and fibronectin release by sputum cells (isolated from mild to moderate asthmatics), and induces sputum eosinophil apoptosis^[2].
Flunisolide (0.1-10 µM μM, 24 h) effectively inhibits ICAM-1 expression and GM-CSF and IL-5 release induced by TNF-alpha in BEAS-2B cells^[3].
Flunisolide (115 µM, 0-3 h) can be transported in a polarized way in the apical (ap) to basolateral (bl) direction in Calu-3 cells and is demonstrated to be ATP-dependent^[4]. In Vivo: Flunisolide (Intranasal administration, 0.3–10 µg/mouse, daily, from days 21-27) inhibits lung inflammation, fibrosis, and airway hyper-reactivity, also improves clearance of silica particles from the lungs in silicotic mice^[1].
Flunisolide (Intranasal administration, 0.3–10 µg/mouse, daily, from days 21-27) inhibits silica-induced macrophage and myofibroblast accumulation in the lung tissue^[1].